Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
JCR Impact Factor (IF) – 1.736
5-Year Impact Factor – 2.135
Index Copernicus  – 168.52
MEiN – 70 pts

ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
Periodicity – monthly

Download original text (EN)

Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2015, vol. 24, nr 6, November-December, p. 943–950

doi: 10.17219/acem/31458

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Download citation:

  • BIBTEX (JabRef, Mendeley)
  • RIS (Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero)

Orbital Opening Shape and Its Alphanumerical Classification

Tomasz Lepich1,A,B,C,D,F, Józefa Dąbek2,B,C,D,E, Edyta Jura-Szołtys3,C,D,E,F, Małgorzata Witkowska3,B,E,F, Mieczysław Piechota4,D,E,F, Grzegorz Bajor,F

1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

2 Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

3 ENT Department, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

4

Abstract

Background. Orbit is the one of the most complicated areas of the facial part of cranium. The anthropological analysis of the orbits comprises basic measurement characterizing their shape: width and height. Classic anthropometric methods used to measure the skull variability are burdened with mistakes resulting from construction of measuring devices as well as from researcher’s experience.
Objectives. The purpose of our research was to introduce a metric classification of the orbital opening.
Material and Methods. The study was carried out on 184 skulls. In our study we suggest introducing a classification of the orbital opening shape by calculating a functional for the 15 categories of the orbit shape. Shape categories have been arranged following the increasing value of the functionals. Each shape category of the orbital opening, according to the Piasecki’s descriptive classification, was assigned a letter from the alphabet.
Results. We have observed a greater number of symmetrical skulls in the female group (29.11%) than in the male (23.81%). In both groups the symmetry type AA was the most frequent, it corresponds to the value of functional comprised in the interval from 0 to 1,30. According to the Piasecki’s descriptive classification it was the oval elongated type.
Conclusion. Our alphanumerical classification based on the value of functional and on the orbit outline assigned to the value is an objective and useful method of the orbital opening shape analysis.

Key words

classification, orbit, skull

References (20)

  1. Bron A, Tripathi BJ: Wollf`s anatomy of the eye and orbit. Chapmann & Hall, London 1997, 1–17.
  2. Weisman RA: Surgical anatomy of the orbit. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1988, 21, 1–12.
  3. Lepich T, Dąbek J, Piechota M, Bajor G, Aniszewski Ł, Markowski J: Digital analysis of the orbit using the nonreferring method. Arch Med Sci 2014, 24, 182–190.
  4. Picket MM: L’indice orbitaire et l’apreciation de la largeur de l’orbite. Bull Soc Antrop 1954, 10, 100–112.
  5. Reymond J, Piasecki K: Kranioskopia a urazy oczodołów. Czas Stomat 1988, 9, 555–558.
  6. Piasecki K, Reymond J, Wysocki J: Kształt wejścia do oczodołu – metodyka badań. Antropologia a Medycyna i Promocja Zdrowia. Eds.: Malinowski A, Łuczka B, Grabowski J. Wyd. Uniw. Łódzkiego, Łódź 1996.
  7. Patnaik VVG, Bala S, Singla Rajan K: Anatomy of the bony orbit-some applied aspects. J Anat Soc India 2001, 50, 59–67.
  8. Zoll-Adamikowa M: Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe Małopolski. Wyd. PAN, Wrocław– –Warszawa–Kraków 1996, 61–62.
  9. Lepich T, Dąbek J, Stompel D, Gielecki J: Analysis of the upper massif of the craniofacial with the radial method – practical use. Arch Med Sci 2011, 7, 870–876.
  10. Piasecki K: Las nuevas escalas craneoscopicas observaciones preliminares. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa 1992.
  11. Brown P, Maeda T: Post Pleistocene diachronic change in East Asian facial skeletons: the size, shape and volume of the orbit. Anthropol Sci 2004, 112, 29–40.
  12. Nagle E, Teibe U, Kapoka D: Craniofacial anthropometry in a group of healthy Latvian residents. Acta Med Lituanica 2005, 12, 47–53.
  13. Radović Z, Muretić Nemirovskij Ž, Gaži-Čoklica V: Craniofacial Variations in a South Dalmatian Population. Acta Stomatol Croat 2000, 34, 399–403.
  14. Park HK, Chung JW, Kho HS: Use of hand-held laser scanning in the assessment of craniometry. Forensic Sci Int 2006, 160, 200–206.
  15. Gładykowska-Rzeczycka J: „Próba rekonstrukcji wejścia do oczodołu na podstawie fragmentów kości z grobów ciałopalnych. Folia Morphol 1965, 24, 307–310.
  16. Martin R: Lehrbuch der Antropologie t. 2, G. Fisher, Jena, 1928.
  17. Kadanov D, Iordanov I, Aleksandrova N: Symmetry and asymmetry of the orbital opening in Bulgarians. Eksp Med Morfol 1977, 16, 12–18.
  18. Catalina-Herrera CJ: Morphometric study of the orbit’s base in male and female skulls of Spaniards. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy) 1988, 72, 217–218.
  19. Wiercinski A: Ontogenetic retardations and human evolution. Proc Symp Natur Select Prague 1978, 277–301.
  20. De Paiva LA, Segre M: Sexing the human skull through the mastoid process. Rev Hosp Clin São Paulo 2003, 58, 15–20.
© Wroclaw Medical University