Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
JCR Impact Factor (IF) – 2.1 (5-Year IF – 2.0)
Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) (2023) – 0.4
Scopus CiteScore – 3.7 (CiteScore Tracker 3.8)
Index Copernicus  – 171.00; MNiSW – 70 pts

ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
Periodicity – monthly

Download original text (EN)

Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2017, vol. 26, nr 6, September, p. 907–917

doi: 10.17219/acem/66347

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Download citation:

  • BIBTEX (JabRef, Mendeley)
  • RIS (Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero)

Vitamin E (α tocopherol) attenuates toxicity and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin in rats

Seval Yılmaz1,A,B,C,D,E,F, Emre Kaya1,B,C,E, Selim Comakli2,B,C,E

1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

Background. Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are classified as group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible preventive role of vitamin E (Vit E) on aflatoxin (AF) induced toxicity by using biochemical and histopathological approaches.
Material and Methods. Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control group, Vit E group (Vit E was administered), AFB1 group (a single dose of AFB1 was administered), AF + Vit E group (AF and Vit E were administered). The effects of Vit E on AFB1 induced tissue toxicity were evaluated by using malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological examination in tissues.
Results. AF caused the oxidative stress by the increased MDA level and the reduced GSH level, glutathioneS-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities in tissues. Plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, creatinine, and urea concentrations significantly increased; whereas, chloride, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were insignificantly affected. Plasma glucose, protein and sodium concentrations significantly decreased. Administration of AF caused hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. As far as histopathological changes are concerned, a statistically significant difference was found in AFB1 group compared to the control group. Vit E considerably reduced plasma AST, ALT, ALP, LDH activities, and urea concentration and ameliorated the deleterious effects of AF on oxidative stress markers and pathological changes.
Conclusion. This data indicated that the natural antioxidant Vit E might have a protective effect against AF-induced toxicity and oxidative stress.

Key words

oxidative stress, antioxidant, aflatoxin, vitamin E

References (63)

  1. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Aly SE. Antioxidant property of Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in rats during aflatoxicosis. J Appl Toxicol. 2005;25:218–123.
  2. Corcuera LA, Ibanez-Vea M, Vettorazzi A, Gonzalez-Penas E, Cerain AL. Validation of a UHPLC-FLD analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin a in rat plasma, liver and kidney. J Chromatogr B: Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011;879:2733–2740.
  3. Marin S, Ramos AJ, Cano-Sancho G, Sanchis V. Mycotoxins: Occurrence, toxicology, and exposure assessment. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;60:218–237.
  4. Ahmad M, Ahmad MM, Hamid R, Abdin MZ, Javed S. Use of response surfacemethodology to study the effect of media composition on aflatoxin productionby Aspergillus flavus. Mycotoxin Res. 2013;29:39–45.
  5. Stoev SD. Foodborne mycotoxicoses risk assessment and underestimated hazard of masked mycotoxins and joint mycotoxin effects or interaction. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015;39:794–809.
  6. Shen HM, Shi CY, Lee HP, Ong CN. Aflatoxin B 1-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994;127:145–150.
  7. Kodama M, Inoue F, Akao M. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic formation of free radicals from aflatoxin B1. Free radical research communications. 1990;10:137–142.
  8. Gupta R, Sharma V. Ameliorative effects of tinospora cordifolia root extract on histopathological and biochemical changes induced by aflatoxin-B(1) in mice kidney. Toxicol Int. 2011;18:94–98.
  9. Liao S, Shi D, Clemons-Chevis CL, et al. Protective role of selenium on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic dysfunction and apoptosis of liver inducklings. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;162:296–301.
  10. Brigelius-Flohe R, Traber MG. Vitamin E: Function and metabolism. The FASEB J. 1999;13:1145–1155.
  11. Traber MG, Atkinson J. Vitamin E antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43:4–15.
  12. Lebold KM, Traber MG. Interactions between alpha-tocopherol, poly unsaturated fatty acids, and lipoxygenases during embryogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;66:13–19.
  13. Dycaico MJ, Stuart GR, Tobal GM, De Boer JG, Glickman BW, Provost GS. Species-specific differences in hepatic mutant frequency and mutational spectrum among lambda/lacl transgenic rats and mice following exposure to aflatoxin B1. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17:2347–2356.
  14. Hiruma S, Qin GZ, Gopalan-Kriczky P, Shinozuka H, Sato K, Lotlikar PD. Effect of cell proliferation on initiation of aflatoxin B1-induced enzyme altered hepatic foci in rats and hamsters. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17:2495–2499.
  15. El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Kedwany FS, Baghdadi HH. Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: Protective role of vitamin E and β-carotene. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004;42:1563–1571.
  16. Yousef MI, Awad TI, Mohamed EH. Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by vitamin E. Toxicology. 2006;227:240–247.
  17. Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 1966;16:359–364.
  18. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961;7:88–95.
  19. Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione S-transferases the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 1974;249:7130–7139.
  20. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121–126.
  21. Beutler E. Active transport of glutathione disulfide from erythrocytes. Functions of Glutathione-Biochemical. Physiological, Toxicological and Clinical Aspects, edited by Larson A, Orrenius S, Holmgren A, Mannerwik B, Raven Press, New York, USA, 65, 1983.
  22. Sun Y, Oberly LW, Ying LA. Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988;34:497–500.
  23. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Boil Chem. 1951;193:265–275.
  24. Souza MF, Tome AR, Rao VS. Inhibition by the bioflavonoid ternatin of AFB1 induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999;51:125–129.
  25. Verma RJ, Mathuria N. Effect of curcumin on aflatoxin-induced biochemical changes in testis of mice. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:597–601.
  26. Eraslan G, Akdoğan M, Yarsan E, Sahindokuyucu F, Essiz D, Altintas L. The effects of aflatoxins on oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2005;29:701–707.
  27. Eraslan G, Cam Y, Eren M, Liman BC, Atalay O, Seybek N. Aspects of using N-Acetylcysteine in aflatoxicosis and its evaluation regarding some lipid peroxidation parameters in rabbits. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2005;49:243–247.
  28. Mathuria N, Verma RJ. Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxininduced lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and testis of mice-an in vitro study. Acta Pol Pharm. 2007;64:413–416.
  29. Verma RJ, Mathuria N. Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin induced lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of mice. Acta Pol Pharm. 2008;65:195–202.
  30. Marvan F, Vernerova E, Samek M, Reisnervov H, Nemec J, Martakova R. Aflatoxin B1 residues in the organs of young poultry. Biologicke Chem Vet (Praha). 1983;24:85–92.
  31. Petr T, Barta I, Turek B. In vitro effect of mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1. Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol (Prague). 1995;34:123–128.
  32. Rastogi R, Srivastava AK, Rastogi AK. Long term effect of aflatoxin B1 on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney: Effect of picroliv and silymarin. Phytotherapy Res. 2001;15:307–310.
  33. Umarani M, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Protective effect of Kalpaamruthaain combating the oxidative stress posed by aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to flavonoid structure–activity relationship. Liver Int. 2008;28:200–213.
  34. Choudhary A, Verma RJ. Ameliorative effects of black tea extract on aflatoxin induced lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43:99–104.
  35. Niki E, Yoshida Y, Saito Y, Noguchi N. Lipid peroxidation: Mechanisms, inhibition, and biological effects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;338:668–676.
  36. Naaz F, Abdin MZ, Javed S. Protective effect of esculin against prooxidant aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Mycotoxin Res. 2014;30:25–32.
  37. Sun LH, Lei MY, Zhang NY, Zhao L, Krumm CS, Qi DS. Hepatotoxic effects of mycotoxin combinations in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;74:289–293.
  38. Wang F, Shu G, Peng X, et al. Protective effects of sodium selenite against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broiler spleen. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:2834–2844.
  39. Janssen YM, Van Houten B, Borm PJ, Mossman BT. Cell and tissue responses to oxidative damage. Lab Invest. 1993;69:261–274.
  40. Larsson P, Busk L, Tjalve H. Hepatic and extrahepatic bioactivation and GSH conjugation of aflatoxin B1 in sheep. Carcinogenesis. 1994;15:947–955.
  41. Raney KD, Meyer DJ, Ketterer B, Harris TM, Guengerich FP. Glutathione conjugation of aflatoxin B1 exo- and endoepoxides by rat and human glutathione S transferases. Chem Res Toxicol. 1992;5:470–478.
  42. Nakae D, Konishi Y, Farber JL. A role for oxygen radicals in the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and dimethyl nitrosamine. Proc Jap Cancer Assoc. 1987;38.
  43. Verma RJ, Nair A. Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. Asian J Androl. 2001;3:217–221.
  44. Banu GS, Kumar G, Murugesan AG. Ethanolic leaves extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. ameliorates aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009;24:250–256.
  45. Shen HM, Ong CH, Lee BL, Shi C. Aflatoxin B1- induced 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat hepatic DNA. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16:419–422.
  46. Maslova GT, Boboriko TL. Effect of antioxidants on the status of the antioxidative system in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 1990;62:101–105.
  47. Odin AP. Vitamins as antimutagens: Advantages and some possible mechanisms of antimutagenic action. Mutat Res. 1997;386:39–67.
  48. Thamilselvan S, Menon M. Vitamin E therapy prevents hyperoxaluria induced calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney by improving renal tissue antioxidant status. BJU Int. 2005;96:117–126.
  49. Kalengayi MM, Desmet VJ. Sequential histological and histochemical study of the rat liver during aflatoxin B1 induced carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1975;35:2845–2852.
  50. Plaa GL, Hewitt WR. Detection and evolution of chemically induced liver injury. In: Hayes, AW. (Ed.), Principles and Methods of Toxicology. Raven press, New York 1986;401–441.
  51. Wang CJ, Shiow SJ, Lin JK. Effects of crocetin on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. Carcinogenesis. 1991;12:459–462.
  52. Yin SJ, Kao MC, Lee SC. Sequential biochemical and histological changes in rats treated with aflatoxin B1. Brit J Cancer. 1980;42:319–325.
  53. Abdulmajeed NA. Therapeutic ability of some plant extracts on aflatoxin B1 induced renal and cardiac damage. Arab J Chem. 2011;4:1–10.
  54. Mannaa FA, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Prevention of cardiotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 via dietary supplementation of papaya fruit extracts in rats. Cytotechnology. 2014;66:327–334.
  55. Pasha TN, Farooq MU, Khattak FM, Jabbar MA, Khan AD. Effectiveness of sodium bentonite and two commercial products as aflatoxin absorbents in diets for broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007;132:103–110.
  56. Shi D, Liao S, Guo S, Li H, Yang M, Tang Z. Protective effects of selenium on aflatoxinB1-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, DNA damage, andhistological alterations in duckling liver. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015;163:162–168.
  57. Vayalil PK. Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae). J Agric Food. Chem 2002;50:610–617.
  58. Raju MVLN, Devegowda G. Influence of esterified-glucomannan on performance and organ morphology, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicosis (aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 toxin). Br Poult Sci. 2000;41:640–650.
  59. Yousef MI, Salem MH, Kamel KI, Hassan GA, El‐Nouty FD. Influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on the haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters of male rabbits exposed to aflatoxin B1. J Environ Sci Health B. 2003;38:193–209.
  60. Lorz C, Justo P, Sanz A, Subira D, Egido J, Ortiz A. Paracetomol induced renal tubular injury a role for ER stress. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:380–389.
  61. Rati ER, Shantha T, Ramesh HP. Effect of long term feeding and withdrawal of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A on kidney cell transformation in albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1991;29:813–817.
  62. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Nada SA, Amra HA. Effect of aluminosilicate and bentonite on aflatoxin-induced developmental toxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol. 1999;19:199–204.
  63. Verma RJ, Raval PJ. Alterations in erythrocytes during induced chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992;49:861–865.