Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
JCR Impact Factor (IF) – 1.736
5-Year Impact Factor – 2.135
Index Copernicus  – 168.52
MEiN – 70 pts

ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
Periodicity – monthly

Download original text (EN)

Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2016, vol. 25, nr 5, September-October, p. 851–859

doi: 10.17219/acem/36358

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Download citation:

  • BIBTEX (JabRef, Mendeley)
  • RIS (Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero)

The Effects of Controlled Physical Training on Peripheral Circulation Following Interventional Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Ireneusz Jurczak1,A,B,C,D,E, Ksenia Jurczak2,B,C,D, Robert Irzmański3,A,E,F

1 Institute of Health Sciences, University of Social Sciences, Łódź, Poland

2 Clinical Division of Post Traumatic Rehabilitation, University Hospital of the Military Medical Academy, Łódź, Poland

3 Clinic of Internal Diseases and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

Abstract

Background. Controlled physical training induces specific changes in the peripheral circulatory system and can lead to positive changes in the vascular perfusion of the lower extremities.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in peripheral circulation in the calf in patients with acute coronary disease (ACD) undergoing controlled physical training. Impedance plethysmography was used to monitor peripheral circulation during the training.
Material and Methods. A total of 90 patients were divided into three study groups. Group 1 (n = 30) participated in a two-week cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of interval training on a cycle ergometer and exercise to improve the participants’ general physical condition. Group 2 (n = 30) went through the same cardiac rehabilitation program for four weeks. The control group (n = 30) was assigned breathing exercises, active free exercises of the peripheral joints and different muscle groups, and relaxation exercises. All the patients underwent impedance plethysmography tests before and after the training sessions.
Results. In Group 1, the systolic slope (PSlope) increased by 2%, pulse wave amplitude (PAmpl) increased by 4.2%, crest time (CT) increased by 1.5% and propagation time (PT) decreased by 1.2% (p > 0.05). In Group 2, the PSlope and PAmpl increased by 19% and 17% respectively, while the CT and PT decreased by 8% and 6.5% respectively (p < 0.05). In the control group, only the CT decreased, by 5% (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The study confirmed that cardiac rehabilitation improves blood flow in lower limb vessels in patients with ACD. The results depend on the duration and the type of physical training. Impedance plethysmography allows for precise and repeatable monitoring of local blood flow.

Key words

controlled physical training, peripheral circulation, impedance plethysmography

References (27)

  1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M: Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2009 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009, 119, 480–486.
  2. Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ: ExTra-MATCH Collaborative. Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTra-MATCH). B M J 2004, 328, 189.
  3. Rehabilitation after cardiovacular disease with special emphasis on developing countries. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series 1993, No 831.
  4. Koch DW, Newcomer SC, Proctor DN: Blood flow to exercising limbs varies with age, gender and training status. Can J Appl Physiol 2005, 30, 554–575.
  5. Peake J, Nosaka K, Suzuki K: Characterization of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in humans. Exerc Immun Rev 2005, 11, 64–85.
  6. Green DJ, Spence A, Halliwill JR: Exercise and vascular adaptation in asymptomatic humans. Exp Physiol 2011, 96, 57–70.
  7. Ji JW, Mac Gabhann F, Popel AS: Skeletal Muscle VEGF gradients in peripheral arterial disease: Simulations of rest and exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007, 293, 3740-3749.
  8. Higashi Y, Chayama K, Yoshizumi M: Angiotensin II type I receptor blocker and endothelial function in humans: Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents 2005, 3, 133–148
  9. Newcomer SC, Thijssen DH, Green DJ: Effects of exercise on endothelium and endothelium/smooth muscle cross talk: Role of exercise-induced hemodynamics. J Appl Physiol 2011, 111, 311–320.
  10. Much TI, Eklund KE, Hageman KS, Poole DC: Altered regional blood flow responses to submaximal exercise in older rats. J Appl Physiol 2004, 96, 81–88.
  11. Siebert J: Kardiografia impedancyjna. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2007, 1–3.
  12. Irzmańska E, Charłusz M, Kujawa J, Kowalski J, Pawlicki L, Irzmański R: Using impedance plethysmography to evaluate antidecubital underlay systems for chronically immobilized patients. Adv Clin Exp Med 2010, 19, 1–15.
  13. Jurczak J, Łukasik A, Charłusz M, Irzmański R: Pletyzmografia impedancyjna w ocenie krążenia obwodowego pod wpływem treningu fizycznego u chorych po CABG. Geriatria 2012, 6, 83–90.
  14. Kompleksowa rehabilitacja kardiologiczna. Stanowisko Komisji ds. Opracowania Standardów Rehabilitacji Kardiologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego. http://www.rehabilitacjakardiologicznaptk.pl/wp-content/ uploads/2015/02/standardy.pdf (access date: April 2015).
  15. Irzmańska E, Charłusz M, Kujawa J, Kowalski J, Pawlicki L, Irzmański R: Using impedance plethysmography to evaluate antidecubital underlay systems for chronically immobilized patients. Adv Clin Exp Med 2010, 19, 637–651.
  16. Matyjaszczak P, Hoffmann K, Bryl W: Epidemiologia wybranych czynników ryzyka chorób układu krążenia. Przegl Kardiodiab 2011, 6, 255–262.
  17. Nicholls SJ, Wolski K, Sipahi I, Schoenhagen P, Crowe T, Kapadia SR, Hazen SL, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE: Rate of progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in women. J Am Cardiol 2007, 49, 1546–1551.
  18. KROK Raport Krajowego Rejestru Operacji Kardiochirurgicznych. Klub Kardiochirurgów Polskich 2009.
  19. Scarpelli M: Quantitative analysis of changes occuring in muscle vastus lateralis in patients with heart failure after low intensity training. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 1999, 21, 374–380.
  20. Clifford PS: Local control of blood flow. Adv Physiol Educ 2011, 35, 5–15.
  21. Barcroft H, Dornhorst AC: The blood flow through the human calf during rhythmic exercise. J Physiol 1949, 109, 402–411.
  22. Reading JR, Goodman J, McLaughlin PR: Design of a calf muscle ergometer for the study of local muscle blood flow. Can J Sport Sci 1992, 17, 91–93.
  23. Goodman JM, Pallandi DV, Reading JR, Piyiel MJ, Liu PP, Kavangh T: Central and peripheral adaptations after 12 weeks of exercise training in post-coronary artery bypass surgery patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1999, 19, 144–150.
  24. Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL: Endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15, 1983–1992.
  25. Sarelius I, Pohl U: Control of muscle blood flow during exercise: Local factors and integrative mechanisms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010, 199, 349–365.
  26. Tan KH, de Cossart L, Edwards PR: Exercise training and peripheral vascular disease. Br J Surg 2004, 87, 553–562.
  27. Clement M, Laurent M: Muscle (phosphocreatine) dynamics during exercise: Implication for understanding the regulation of muscle oxidative metabolism. J Physiol 2008, 13, 3027–3029.
© Wroclaw Medical University