Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2016, vol. 25, nr 4, July-August, p. 775–779

doi: 10.17219/acem/60098

Publication type: review

Language: English

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Plasmatic microRNA as Potential Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis: Literature Review

Magdalena J. Kacperska1,A,B,D,E,F, Jakub Walenczak2,E, Bartłomiej Tomasik3,A,F

1 Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

2 Medical University of Lodz, Poland

3 Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

Abstract

There is ongoing research with the goal of finding precise and sensitive biomarkers of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, researchers have paid particular attention to small, non-encoding, single stranded endogenous microRNA molecules (miR, miRNA). At first these molecules were thought to be found only within the cell. Today it is known, however, that they can also be found in the extracellular spaces (plasma, serum, saliva, urine, tears, sweat, milk, sperm and amniotic fluid, among others). It has been established that extracellular miRNA perform a wide spectrum of functions, such as transmitting signals between cells, modulating processes involved in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, proliferation or apoptosis. Given the high stability of these small molecules in the extracellular compartment (plasma), their tissue specificity and strong ties with pathological processes underlying multiple sclerosis, miRNA seem to be a good target for researchers trying to discover diseases’ new markers. Determining an accurate miRNA expression profile in MS and correlating it with the gene profile may lead to the discovery of new pathophysiological processes. Demonstrating that changes in the composition and concentration of extracellular miRNA may in some cases correlate with certain aspects of the underlying disease (such as its severity) could lead to their use as biomarkers of MS. Further research is needed.

Key words

multiple sclerosis, plasma miRNA, biomarkers, role of miRNA in MS

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