Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
Periodicity – monthly

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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2012, vol. 21, nr 2, March-April, p. 245–248

Publication type: review article

Language: English

Is the Zinc Neuroprotective Effect Caused by Prevention of Intracellular Zinc Accumulation?

Czy neuroprotekcyjne działanie cynku polega na zapobieganiu wewnątrzkomórkowej kumulacji cynku?

Małgorzata Sobieszczańska1,, Sławomir Tubek2,, Renata Szyguła3,, Andrzej Bunio3,

1 Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland

2 Department of Internal Diseases, Opole Voivodeship Hospital, Opole, Poland

3 Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Technical University of Opole, Poland

Abstract

Zinc plays an important role in the functioning of all cells, including neurons. The precise mechanisms responsible for its neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects remain unclear despite extensive investigations. Similar Zn+2 effects can also be observed in cells outside the nervous system, and their lower sensitivity to hypoxia prolongs the cytotoxic effect of excess zinc. The evident dualism of zinc’s effects depends primarily on the energetic state of the particular cell and the efficacy of ion pumps; on genetically conditioned mechanisms regulating Zn efflux from cells and Zn sequestration inside the cell; and on the concentration of extracellular free Zn.

Streszczenie

Cynk odgrywa ważną rolę w funkcjonowaniu wszystkich komórek, w tym neuronów. Zarówno neurotoksyczne, jak i neutoprotekcyjne działanie cynku było przedmiotem licznych badań, niemniej jednak mechanizm jego podwójnego oddziaływania nadal pozostaje niewyjaśniony. Podobne rezultaty działania jonów cynku można także obserwować w komórkach poza układem nerwowym, a ich mniejsza wrażliwość na niedotlenienie przedłuża w czasie cytotoksyczne działanie nadmiaru cynku. Ten oczywisty dualizm działania cynku zależy głównie od stanu energetycznego komórki i wydajności pomp jonowych, jak również od uwarunkowanych genetycznie mechanizmów regulujących wypływ cynku z komórki i jego nagromadzenie wewnątrz komórki, a także od stężenia wolnego cynku w przestrzeni pozakomórkowej.

Key words

zinc, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity

Słowa kluczowe

cynk, neuroprotekcja, neurotoksyczność

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