Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2009, vol. 18, nr 2, March-April, p. 135–140
Publication type: original article
Language: English
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin−8 Levels in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors
Stężenia czynnika wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego i interleukiny−8 w surowicy krwi pacjentek leczonych z powodu nabłonkowych guzów jajnika
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Abstract
Background. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths from gynecological malignancies. Angiogenesis is considered essential for tumor growth and the development of metastases. VEGF and IL−8 are potent angiostimulatory molecules and their expression has been demonstrated in many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of VEGF and IL−8 in the serum of patients with benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors.
Material and Methods. VEGF and IL−8 concentrations were measured by ELISA test (Quantikine R&D).
Results. The median VEGF and IL−8 levels were significantly higher in the sera of ovarian cancer patients than in those with benign tumors and in healthy controls.
Conclusion. Pre−treatment VEGF and IL−8 serum levels might be regarded as an additional tool in the differentiation of ovarian tumors.
Streszczenie
Wprowadzenie. Rak jajnika jest nowotworem o najwyższym wskaźniku umieralności spośród wszystkich nowotworów żeńskich narządów płciowych. Tworzenie nowych naczyń krwionośnych odgrywa istotną rolę we wzroście guzów nowotworowych i powstawaniu przerzutów. VEGF i IL−8 są silnymi czynnikami proangiogennymi, których ekspresję wykazano również w raku jajnika.
Cel pracy. Określenie stężeń VEGF i IL−8 w surowicy krwi pacjentek leczonych z powodu łagodnych i złośliwych nabłonkowych guzów jajnika.
Materiał i metody. Stężenia VEGF i IL−8 w surowicy krwi zostały oznaczone za pomocą zestawów ELISA (Quantikine R&D).
Wyniki. Średnie stężenia VEGF i IL−8 były istotnie większe w surowicy krwi pacjentek leczonych z powodu raka jajnika w porównaniu do pacjentek z guzami łagodnymi jajnika oraz grupy kontrolnej.
Wnioski. Oznaczenie stężeń VEGF oraz IL−8 w surowicy krwi może być przydatne w różnicowaniu łagodnych i złośliwych guzów jajnika.
Key words
VEGF, IL−8, angiogenesis, ovarian tumor
Słowa kluczowe
VEGF, IL−8, angiogeneza, guzy jajnika
References (27)
- Folkman J: Fundamental Concepts of the Angiogenic Process. Curr Mol Med 2003, 3, 643–651.
- Folkman J, Watson K, Ingber D: Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia. Nature 1989, 339, 58–60.
- Norrby K: Angiogenesis: New aspects relating to its initiation and control. APMIS 1997, 105, 417–437.
- Sawano A, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi S, Anouma M, Shibuya M: Flt−1 but not KDR/Flk−1 tyrosine kinase is a receptor for placenta growth factors, which is related to vascular endothelial growth factor. Cell Growth Differ 1996, 7, 213–221.
- Joukov V, Kaipainen A, Jeltsch M, Pajusola K, Olofsson B, Kumar V, Eriksson U, Alitalo K: Vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF−B and VEGF−C. J Cell Physiol 1997, 173, 211–215.
- Ferrer FA, Miller LJ, Andrawis RI, Kurtzmans H, Albertsen PC, Laudone VP, Kreutzer DL: Angiogenesis and prostate cancer: in vivo and in vitro expression of angiogenesis factors by prostate cancer cells. Urology 1998, 51, 161–166.
- Koch AE, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, DiPietro LA, Elner VM, Elner SG, Strieter RM: Interleukin−8 as a macrophage−derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science 1992, 258, 1798–1801.
- Wolf M, Delgado MB, Jones AS, Dewald B, Clark−Levis I, Baggiolini M: Granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 acts via both IL−8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. Eur J Immunol 1998, 28, 164–170.
- Kitadai Y, Takahasi Y, Haruma K, Naka K, Sumii K, Yokozaki H, Yasui W, Mukaida N, Ohmoto Y, Kajiyama G, Fidler J, Tahara E: Transfection of interleukin−8 increases angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice. Br J Cancer 1999, 81, 647–653.
- Ivarsson K, Ekerydh A, Fyhr IM, Janson PO, Brannstrom M: Upregulation of interleukin−8 and polarized epithelial expression of interleukin−8 receptor A in ovarian carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000, 79, 777–784.
- Nowak M, Szpakowski M, Malinowski A, Wieczorek A, Maciołek−Blewniewska, Wilczyński JR, Szpakowski A, Wierzbicka E, Małafiej E, Oszukowski P: Wyniki oznaczeń badanych cytokin w surowicy chorych na raka jajnika lub łagodne torbiele jajników. Gin Pol 2001, 72, 12a, 1444–1448.
- Cooper BC, Ritchie JM, Broghammer CL, Coffin J, Sorosky JI, Buller RE, Hendrix MJ, Sood AK: Preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels: significance in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002, 8, 3193–3197.
- Demirkiran F, Kumbak B, Bese T, Arvas M, Benian A, Aydin S, Uzun H, Sanioglu C, Aydinli K, Kosebay D: Vascular endothelial growth factor in adnexal masses. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003, 83, 53–58.
- Hefler LA, Zeillinger R, Grimm C, Sood AK, Cheng WF, Gadducci A, Tempfer CB, Reinthaller A: Preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor as a prognostic parameter in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006, 103 (2), 512–517.
- Obermair A, Tempfer C, Hefler L, Preyer O, Kaider A, Zeillinger R, Leodolter S, Kainz C: Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with suspected ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 1998, 77(11), 1870–1874.
- Barton DP, Cai A, Wendt K, Young M, Gamero A, De Cesare S: Angiogenic protein expression in advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 1997, Vol. 3 (9), 1579–1586.
- Rudlowski C, Pickart AK, Fuhljahn C, Friepoertner T, Schlehe B, Biesterfeld S, Schroeder W: Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ovarian cancer patients: a long−term follow−up. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2006, 16 (1), 183–189.
- Tempfer C, Obermair A, Hefler L, Haeusler G, Gitsch G, Kainz C: Vascular endothelial growth factor serum concentrations in ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1998, 92, 360–363.
- Harlozinska A, Sedlaczek P, Kulpa J, Grybos M, Wojcik E, Van Daen A, Einarsson R: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in sera and tumor effusions from patients with ovarian carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2004, 24 (2C), 1149–1157.
- Chechlinska M, Kaminska J, Markowska J, Kramar A, Steffen J: Peritoneal fluid cytokines and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors and residual/recurrent disease examination. Int J Biol Markers 2007, 22 (3), 172–180.
- Hu L, Hofmann J, Holash J, Yancopoulos GD, Sood AK, Jaffe RB: Vascular endothelial growth factor trap combined with paclitaxel strikingly inhibits tumor and ascites, prolonging survival in a human ovarian cancer model. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11(19 Pt1), 6966–6971.
- Ivarsson K, Runesson E, Sundfeldt K, Haeger M, Hedin L, Janson PO, Brannstrom M: The chemotactic cytokines Interleukin 8 – a cyst fluid marker for malignant epithelial ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 1998, 71, 420–423.
- Nezhat F, Datta MS, Hanson V, Pejovic T, Nezhat C, Nezhat C: The relationship of endometriosis and ovarian malignancy: a review. Fertil Steril 2008, 90(5), 1559–1570.
- Kim DS, Jang YJ, Jeon OH, Kim DS: Saxatilin inhibits TNF−induced proliferation by suppressing AP−1−dependent IL−8 expression in the ovarian cancer cell line MDAH 2774. Mol Immunol 2007, 44(6), 1409–1416.
- Daraï E, Detchev R, Hugol D, Quang NT: Serum and cyst fluid levels of interleukin IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in women with endometriomas and benign and malignant cystic ovarian tumors. Hum Rep 2003, 18, 8, 1682–1685.
- Fasciani A, D’Ambrogio G, Bocci G, Luisi S, Artini PG, Genazzani AR: VEGF and IL−8 in ovarian cystic pathology. Fertil Steril 2001, 75, 6, 1218–1221.
- Kamińska J, Kowalska M, Rysińska A: Cytokiny i ich wolne receptory u chorych na raka jajnika – wyniki wstępnych badań. Nowotwory 1999, 49 (suppl. 2), 21–24.