Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2007, vol. 16, nr 6, November-December, p. 793–799

Publication type: original article

Language: English

The Role and Mechanism of Action of Bile Acids Within the Digestive System – Bile Acids in the Liver and Bile

Rola i mechanizm działania kwasów żółciowych w obrębie układu pokarmowego – kwasy żółciowe w wątrobie i żółci

Krzysztof W. Romański1,

1 Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary School, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland

Abstract

Bile acids are considered as the most important and most specific bile components. The variety of their types and forms with different physicochemical properties occurs in mammalian organisms. Type and strength of bile acid actions are related to these properties. Bile acids are synthetized de novo in the liver, secreted into the bile and excreted into the duodenum. In the gut they can subject to bacterial biotransformation and reabsorption into the blood; their major part returns into the liver and is secreted again into the bile. They are the natural driving force for bile secretory process because actively secreted from the hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi cause the passive water flow at the rate of about 7–15 μl of water for 1 μmol of secreted bile acids. Bile acid metabolism in the liver is dependent of bile acid inflow and concentration in the hepatocytes. Bile acids affect also the lipid metabolism in the liver. Types and amounts of bile acids in bile determine bile properties including bile acid and mixed micele formation. However, the influences of bile acids in the gut are related to bile acid profile in bile delivered into the duodenum and to the period of bile inflow into the intestinal lumen.

Streszczenie

Kwasy żółciowe uważa się za najważniejsze i najbardziej specyficzne składniki żółci. W organizmach ssaków występuje wiele ich rodzajów i postaci, które różnią się właściwościami fizykochemicznymi. Od tych właściwości zależy rodzaj i intensywność ich oddziaływania. Kwasy żółciowe są syntetyzowane de novo w wątrobie, wydzielane do żółci, a następnie wydalane do dwunastnicy. W jelitach mogą podlegać biotransformacji bakteryjnej oraz zwrotnemu wchłonięciu do krwi; drogą tą większa ich część wraca do wątroby, ulegając resekrecji do żółci. Są naturalną siłę napędową procesu wydzielania żółci, gdyż wydzielane aktywnie do kanalików żółciowych powodują bierne wydzielanie wody przez hepatocyty przeciętnie w ilości 7–15 μl na 1 μmol wydzielonych kwasów żółciowych. Metabolizm kwasów żółciowych w wątrobie zależy od ich napływu z krwi i stężenia w hepatocytach. Kwasy żółciowe wpływają także na przemiany lipidowe w wątrobie. Właściwości żółci, w tym także powstawanie miceli żółciowych i mieszanych, zależą od rodzaju i ilości kwasów żółciowych znajdujących się w żółci. Wpływy kwasów żółciowych w jelicie natomiast zależą z jednej strony od profilu kwasów żółciowych w żółci napływającej do dwunastnicy, a z drugiej – od okresu, w jakim żółć napływa do światła jelita.

Key words

liver, bile, bile acids, secretory process

Słowa kluczowe

wątroba, żółć, kwasy żółciowe, wydzielanie

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