Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2007, vol. 16, nr 6, November-December, p. 725–734
Publication type: original article
Language: English
The Influence of Bioflavonoids from the Radix of Scutellaria baicalensis on Liver Enzymes and the Antioxidative System in Laboratory Rats Receiving Diets Containing Fresh or Oxidized Fats
Wpływ bioflawonoidów z korzenia Scutellaria baicalensis na aktywność enzymów wątrobowych i antyoksydacyjnych u szczurów doświadczalnych na diecie z tłuszczami świeżymi i utlenionymi
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine in Wrocław, Poland
2 Department of Pathological Anatomy, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine in Wrocław, Poland
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine in Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Background. The overall daily food intake of humans always includes some oxidized fats which are formed during food preparation. The deleterious effects of oxidation products can be prevented by adding antioxidants to the diet, e.g. bioflavonoids. The aim of this four−week experiment was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of bioflavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis in Buffalo rats.
Material and Methods. The activities of alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined in plasma and histopathological examinations of liver tissue samples were performed in 80 male Buffalo rats under conditions of oxidative stress caused by consumed oxidized fats. The antioxidative activity of the extract was assessed by determining the activities of dismutase superoxide (SOD) in the red blood cells and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in the blood of rats which had been fed high−fat (15%) and high−cholesterol (0.5%) diets with or without a 0.05% extract of flavonoids.
Results. A harmful enhanced accumulation of fat was observed in the liver cells of the rats given a diet with added extract, particularly in the rats with diets containing fresh oil or oxidized lard. In all the groups, the high activity of alkaline phosphatase in the plasma was the result of cholestasis. There was significantly enhanced activity of AP in the serum of the rats on diets with the extract and fresh oil or oxidized lard as the fat source compared with the corresponding controls. Under the experimental conditions, a significant increase in SOD activity in the red blood cells was observed in the groups of rats receiving a diet containing oxidized fats. This was induced by oxidative stress.
Conclusion. These results suggest that supplementation with extract from Scutellaria baicalensis positively effected the antioxidative system in rats given diets with oxidized fats.
Streszczenie
Wprowadzenie. Dieta człowieka zawsze zawiera utlenione tłuszcze, które powstają podczas procesów kulinarnych. Niekorzystnym skutkom produktów utlenienia można przeciwdziałać, dodając do diety antyoksydanty, np. bioflawonoidy.
Cel pracy. Ocena hepatoprotekcyjnej aktywności bioflawonoidów z korzenia Scutellaria baicalensis u szczurów Buffalo.
Materiał i metody. Oznaczono aktywność aminotransferaz: alaninowej (ALT) i asparaginianowej (AST) oraz fosfatazy zasadowej (AP) w osoczu oraz wykonano badanie histopatologiczne tkanki wątrobowej u 80 szczurów, samców rasy Buffalo, narażonych na stres oksydacyjny wywołany utlenionymi tłuszczami diety. Oceniono także antyoksydacyjną aktywność ekstraktu z korzenia tarczycy bajkalskiej, oznaczając aktywność dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD) w krwinkach czerwonych i peroksydazy glutationowej (GP) we krwi u szczurów na diecie z 15% zawartością tłuszczu, 0,5% zawartością cholesterolu i bez lub z dodatkiem 0,05% ekstraktu z bioflawonoidami.
Wyniki. Obserwowano niekorzystne zmiany polegające na gromadzeniu tłuszczu w komórkach wątroby u szczurów na diecie z dodatkiem ekstraktu, zwłaszcza u tych, których dieta zawierała świeży olej lub utleniony smalec. We wszystkich grupach duża aktywność fosfatazy zasadowej świadczyła o cholestazie. Obserwowano statystycznie istotne różnice aktywności AP w surowicy szczurów na diecie z dodatkiem ekstraktu oraz świeżego oleju lub utlenionego smalcu, w porównaniu z odpowiednimi grupami kontrolnymi. W warunkach doświadczenia obserwowano istotny wzrost aktywności SOD w krwinkach czerwonych szczurów na diecie z utlenionymi tłuszczami. Było to spowodowane stresem oksydatywnym.
Wnioski. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że suplementacja diety ekstraktem z korzenia tarczycy bajkalskiej wpływa korzystnie na antyoksydacyjny system u szczurów na diecie z tłuszczami utlenionymi.
Key words
bioflavonoids, oxidized fats, SOD, aminotransferases, histopathology, rats
Słowa kluczowe
bioflawonoidy, utlenione tłuszcze, SOD aminotransferazy, histopatologia, szczury
References (19)
- Grootveld M, Atherton M, Sheerin A, Hawkes J, Blake D, Richens T, Silwood Ch, Lynch E, Claxson A: In vivo absorption, metabolism, and urinary excretion of alpha, betaunsaturated aldehydes in experimental animals: relevance to the development of cardiovascular diseases by dietary ingestion of thermally stressed polyunsaturated−rich culinary oils. J Clin Invest 1998, 101, 1210–1218.
- Klaus E, Keller U, Hirche F, Brandsch C: Thermally oxidized dietary fats increase the susceptibility of rat LDL to lipid peroxidation but not their uptake by macrophages. J Nutr 2003, 133, 2830–2837.
- Aherne SA, O’Brien NM: Dietary flavonols: chemistry, food content, and metabolism. Nutrition 2002, 18, 75–81.
- Peterson J, Dwyer J: Flavonoids: Dietary occurrence and biochemical activity. Nutr Res 1998, 18, 1995–2018.
- Gao Z, Huang K, Yang X, Xu H.: Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999, 1472, 643–650.
- Hayam I, Cogan U, Mokady S: Dietary oxidized oil and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipoprotein peroxidation in rats. Nutr Res 1995, 15, 1037–1044.
- Narasimhamurthy K, Vishwamata S, Raina PL: Long term feeding effects of thermally oxidized oils on the erythrocyte fatty acids composition, hematology and histology in rats. Nutr Res 1998, 18, 1245–1259.
- Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studiem, J Nutr 1977, 107, 1340–1348.
- Ziombski H: Physical, chemical and nutritional−value changes in heated fats. Part II. Physical and chemical changes developing during thermal oxidation of five selected fats. Roczn PZH 1980, 31, 593–604.
- Paglia ED, Valentine WN: Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967, 70, 158–169.
- Oyanagui Y: Reevaluation of assay methods and establishment of kit for superoxide dismutase activity. Anal Biochem 1984, 142, 290–296.
- IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1986, 24, 481–495.
- IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1986, 24, 497–510.
- The Committee on Enzymes of the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Physiology. Recommended method for determination of enzymes in blood. J Clin Lab Invest 1974, 32, 29.
- Carpenter JW, Mashima TY, Rupiper DJ: Exotic animals formulary. Pennsylvania: 2001. p. 292.
- Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z, Wróblewska M, Oszmiański J, Hernandez T: The response of rats to feeding with diets containing grapefruit flavonoid extract. Food Res Int 2002, 35, 201–205.
- Venkatraman JT, Pinnavaia L: Effects of saturated w−6 and w−3 lipids on activities of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense in normal rats. Nutr Res 1998, 18, 341–50.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica. Eastland Press Inc., Seattle, Washington 1993.
- Sun−Young P, Song−Hae B, Seon−Min J, Yong−Bok P, Soon−Jae L, Tae−Sook J, Myung−Sook CH: Effect of rutin and tanic acid supplements on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Nutr Res 2002, 22, 283–295.