Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2007, vol. 16, nr 4, July-August, p. 569–576

Publication type: review article

Language: English

Molecular Mediators in Control of Food Consumption and Energy Balance in Eating Disorders

Molekularne mediatory kontroli poboru pożywienia i równowagi energetycznej w zaburzeniach odżywiania

Małgorzata Śmiarowska1,, Monika Białecka2,, Karolina Korwin−Piotrowska1,

1 Department of Psychiatry Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland

2 Department of Pharmacology Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland

Abstract

Eating disorders are in fact civilisational problem. The analysis of recent studies shows that genetic background, neuronal and endocrine transmission have wide and differential impact on eating pattern, behavior, emotions and attitudes connected with personality profile. Despite intensive studies, the neuroregulation and psychic mechanisms in eating disorders still remain unclear. It is an unresolved problem whether psychologic disturbances and neuroendocrine disorders are primary or if they appear secondary – due to changes in nutrition habits. Defining the typical “biological markers” of these processes would be of great importance for early prevention and more effective treatment. Actual knowledge on neurotransmitters responsible for the process of eating and energy balance is presented in the paper. Authors consider the conceptions of hypothetical pathomechanism of regulations distinctiveness, which may have an effect on revealing or supporting the improper nutrition behavior: anorexia nervosa, psychic bulimia, binge eating and obesity.

Streszczenie

Zaburzenia odżywiania są współczesnym problemem cywilizacyjnym. Jak wynika z dotychczasowych badań, podłoże genetyczne, przekaźnictwo neuronalne i endokrynne wywierają szerokie i zróżnicowane działanie na wzorce żywieniowe, zachowanie, emocje i postawy związane z profilem osobowości. Pomimo intensywnych badań, mechanizmy psychoi neuroregulacyjne w zaburzeniach odżywiania nadal są niejasne, a zwłaszcza zagadnienie, czy zaburzenia psychologiczne oraz neuroendokrynologiczne są zmianami pierwotnymi, czy też pojawiają się wtórnie do zmienionego sposobu odżywiania. Istotne znaczenie dla opracowania wczesnej prewencji i skuteczniejszych metod leczenia zaburzeń odżywiania miałoby określenie „biomarkerów” tych procesów. W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat neuroprzekaźnictwa odpowiedzialnego za proces odżywiania i utrzymanie bilansu energetycznego ustroju. Autorzy odnoszą się do koncepcji wyjaśniających hipotetyczny patomechanizm tych odrębności w regulacjach, które mogą mieć znaczenie w powstawaniu lub/i podtrzymywaniu nieprawidłowych zachowań żywieniowych: jadłowstrętu psychicznego, bulimii psychicznej, napadów objadania się typu binge eating oraz otyłości.

Key words

neuropeptides, monoamines, leptin, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

Słowa kluczowe

neuropeptydy, monoaminy, leptyna, jadłowstręt psychiczny, bulimia psychiczna

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