Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2006, vol. 15, nr 6, November-December, p. 1073–1078

Publication type: review article

Language: English

The Polymorphism of Paraoxonase and Its Effects in Physiological and Pathological Processes

Polimorfizm paraoksonazy a procesy fizjologiczne i patologiczne

Jowita Zielaskowska1,, Dorota Olszewska−Słonina1,

1 Department of Medical Biology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland

Abstract

Paraoxonase PON1 (aryldialkylphosphatase, E.C.3.1.8.1) hydrolyzes toxic organophosphate compounds (paraxon, sarin), phospholipid hydroperoxides and cholesterol ester hydroperoxides. The high−density lipoprotein−associated enzyme, paraoxonase, prevents the oxidation of low−density lipoprotein by oxygen reactive forms. These mechanisms play a basic role in many pathological processes. PON1 exists in two polymorphic forms: R192Q and L55M. Both isoforms of PON influence metabolism and in prevention of coronary heart disease. Paraoxonase activity is regulated by genetical (polymorphism) and environmental factors (nicotine, diet, alcohol etc.). Highly conservative PON’s family is divided on three classes: PON1, PON2, PON3.

Streszczenie

Paraoksonaza PON1 (arylodialkilofosfataza, E.C.3.1.8.1) hydrolizuje toksyczne związki fosforoorganiczne (paraokson, sarin), nadtlenki fosfolipidowe oraz wodoronadtlenki estrów cholesterolu. W ludzkiej surowicy enzym PON1 jest związany z frakcją HDL. Rola enzymu PON1 polega na ochronie frakcji LDL przed utlenieniem przez reaktywne formy tlenu. Chroniąc frakcje LDL, PON1 zapobiega powstawaniu aterogennych cząsteczek oxLDL, a tym samym powstawaniu procesów patologicznych. PON1 występuje w dwóch polimorficznych formach: jako R192Q i L55M. Aktywność paraoksonazy jest regulowana czynnikami genetycznymi (polimorfizm) i środowiskowymi (nikotyna, dieta, alkohol itp.). Wysoko konserwatywna rodzina białek enzymatycznych PON dzieli się na trzy klasy: PON1, PON2 i PON3.

Key words

paraoxonase, oxidation of LDL

Słowa kluczowe

paraoksonaza, utlenione lipoproteiny

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