Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
JCR Impact Factor (IF) – 2.1
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
Periodicity – monthly

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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2006, vol. 15, nr 5, September-October, p. 953–957

Publication type: review article

Language: Polish

Rytmy okołodobowe a narząd wzroku

Circadian Rhythms and the Organ of Sight

Eleonora Urban1,, Marta Misiuk−Hojło2,, Patrycja Kasprzak−Smolarek2,, Jolanta Rusiecka−Ziółkowska3,

1 Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii AM we Wrocławiu

2 Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki AM we Wrocławiu

3 Katedra i Zakład Mikrobiologii AM we Wrocławiu

Streszczenie

Żywe organizmy, począwszy od jednokomórkowych aż do człowieka, mają 24−godzinny rytm okołodobowy, który reguluje wiele funkcji organizmu. W regulacji rytmu okołodobowego ważną rolę pełni oko, które jest jedynym wejściem neurosensorycznym organizmu, pozwalającym na synchronizację zegara biologicznego. W siatkówce istnieją dwie odrębne sieci neuronalne: pierwsza z nich umożliwia percepcję wzrokową, a druga wykazuje wrażliwość na zmianę natężenia światła. Pierwotny zegar biologiczny u ssaków znajduje się w jądrze nadwzrokowym, umiejscowionym w podwzgórzu ponad skrzyżowaniem wzrokowym. Synchronizuje on funkcje fizjologiczne z rytmem dnia i nocy. Badanie rytmów okołodobowych oka pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie fizjologii narządu wzroku oraz może przyczynić się do wprowadzenia nowych standardów leczniczych, dotyczących zarówno farmakologii, jak i chirurgii, np. w przypadku pacjentów chorych na jaskrę.

Abstract

Organisms from bacteria to humans have daily circadian rhythms entrained with the 24−hour cycle of day and night that regulate many physiological systems. An eye has the main role in a circadian’s rhythm regulation because it is the only one organ which can detect light. There are two separate neural webs in a retina: the first one takes part in regulation of the visual cycle and the second one is connected with circadian rhythm. The primary mammalian circadian clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, located in the hypothalamus above the optic chiasm. Circadian clocks synchronize physiological functions with the solar day−night cycle. The knowledge of the eye circadian rhythm, intraocular pressure and aquous humor flow regulation is essential for optimal management of glaucomatous patients not only to interpret the single ocular tension recordings, but also to use the available treatment rationally, both drugs and surgery.

Słowa kluczowe

rytm okołodobowy, jądro nadwzrokowe, zegar biologiczny, melatonina, dopamina

Key words

circadian rhythm, suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian clock, melatonin, dopamine

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