Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2019, vol. 28, nr 7, July, p. 891–897

doi: 10.17219/acem/94151

Publication type: original article

Language: English

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Relationship between the dietary glycemic load of the adult Polish population and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors – results of the WOBASZ II study

Dorota Różańska1,A,B,C,D,E, Anna Waśkiewicz2,A,B,C,E, Bożena Regulska-Ilow1,A,B,C,E, Magdalena Kwaśniewska3,B,E, Andrzej Pająk4,B,E, Urszula Stepaniak4,B,E, Krystyna Kozakiewicz5,B,E, Andrzej Tykarski6,B,E, Tomasz Roman Zdrojewski7,B,E, Wojciech Drygas2,3,B,E,F

1 Department of Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

2 Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland

3 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

4 Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

5 3rd Department of Cardiology, Upper Silesian Center of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

6 Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland

7 Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland

Abstract

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs more often among people with a low sociodemographic status, so it is worth knowing if any sociodemographic factor also has an impact on diet quality, defined by glycemic load (GL).
Objectives. Assessment of the relationship between the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, health status self-assessment and dietary GL of the adult Polish population based on WOBASZ II study results.
Material and Methods. The study included a representative group of the Polish population aged ≥20 years (2,554 men and 3,136 women). A 24-hour dietary recall was collected to assess the dietary intake. The total GL was calculated by summing the GL values of the consumed food.
Results. The average GL/1,000 kcal was significantly higher in women’s than in men’s diets (74.0 ±15.9 vs 71.2 ±15.7). Dietary GL/1,000 kcal increased with age (men: aged <35 – 70.3 and aged ≥65 – 73.9, women: 73.5 and 76.5, respectively). The lowest dietary GL/1,000 kcal was found among people living in large population centers. Dietary GL/1,000 kcal decreased with education level (men with primary, secondary and higher education: 73.4, 69.5 and 68.9, respectively, and women: 76.7, 73.4 and 70.9, respectively). Dietary GL decreased as an income increased. The highest GL/1,000 kcal was observed in the diets of participants who performed less physical activity. The highest GL/1,000 kcal was observed in the participants who defined their health status as very poor/poor and the lowest among those who defined their health status as good/very good.
Conclusion. Nutritional education about the proper selection of products that are sources of carbohydrates in the diet should be addressed mainly to people with low sociodemographic status, such as: people in the older age group, living in small population centers, and with lower levels of education and lower income. It should also be directed to people with a lower level of physical activity. Greater awareness of the choices of carbohydrate products is recommended to improve diet quality in these groups of people.

Key words

carbohydrates, socio-demographic factors, glycemic load, WOBASZ II

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