Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2017, vol. 26, nr 8, November, p. 1301–1311

doi: 10.17219/acem/68976

Publication type: review

Language: English

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The treatment of facial asymmetry: Review

Kazimierz Kobus1,A,C,D,E,F, Katarzyna Kobus-Zaleśna2,A,B,C

1 Department and Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Polanica-Zdrój, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

2 Department of the Maxillary Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Autonomous Centre for Facial Developmental Defects, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

Abstract

Some degree of congenital or acquired asymmetry is normal and universal. Significant facial asymmetry, however, causes both aesthetic, as well as functional problems. The comprehensive management of facial symmetry is scarcely addressed.1–5 Differing etiologies, heterogeneous material, and different ages of patients tend to produce fragmentary reports, the more so as evidence-based evaluation of outcomes is almost impossible. Therefore, a presentation of the general rules of treatment, illustrated by our own material collected from the Hospital and Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Polanica-Zdrój and from private surgical and orthodontic practice, could be regarded as useful and justified. Special attention has been given to both functional and cosmetic problems encountered in severe congenital and acquired asymmetries. The management of selected craniofacial malformations in so-called rare clefts, cleft lip and palate, and craniofacial microsomia (CFM), as well as large hemangiomas and neurofibromas, have been discussed. Additionally, the treatment of extensive and asymmetrical post-traumatic deformities and defects is discussed with particular attention given to problems related to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints. Numerous examples of one-stage procedures, as well as combined, multidisciplinary treatments are presented.

Key words

trauma, congenital malformations, facial asymmetry, surgical and orthodontic treatment, tumors

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