Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2014, vol. 23, nr 5, September-October, p. 683–689

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Comparison of the Effects of Dexmedetomidine vs. Ketamine in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats – Preliminary Study

Leyla Guler1,A,C, Fusun Bozkirli1,A, Nurdan Bedirli1,A, Yusuf Unal1,B, Adem Guler2,C, Yesim Oztas3,, Sevket Balta4,D, Mustafa Cakar5,C, Sait Demirkol4,E, Zekeriya Arslan4,F, Murat Unlu4,F

1 Department of Anesthesiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gulhane Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey

3 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

4 Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey

5 Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Medical Academy, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Objectives. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, antioxidant defense mechanisms may remain insufficient depending on the duration of ischemia which is caused by any reason (MI, after percutaneous coronary intervention, during cardiac surgery). After that, free oxygen radicals increasing within the cell cause structural deterioration. Cytokines which activate a series of reactions that cause tissue damage and inflammatory response are released during reperfusion of ischemic tissues. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Material and Methods. The study included 18 rats randomly divided into three groups. Group I/R (n = 6): control, Group I/R-K (n = 6): ketamine, and Group I/R-D (n = 6): dexmedetomidine. Before the 10 min surgery, after the 20 min ischemia and 20 min reperfusion period, hemodynamic parameters were compared among the three groups. After the 45 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion period, tissue samples were obtained from the rat hearts, and MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were compared.
Results. MDA and GSH-Px levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups. However, both levels were similar in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups. SOD levels were significantly lower in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups compared to the control group, but they were similar in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups. IL-1β levels were similar in all groups. TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups compared to the control group. They were similar in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups.
Conclusion. According to our study, it can be concluded that dexmedetomidine and ketamine have similar effects on reducing myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine provides better heart rate control but causes hypotension, so, because of cardiac depression, we think that its clinical use may necessitate further investigation.

Key words

dexmedetomidine, ketamine, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.

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