Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2012, vol. 21, nr 1, January-February, p. 69–73

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Depression in Women Aged 75–89 – Predisposing Factors and Preventive Measures

Depresja u kobiet w wieku 75–89 – czynniki ryzyka i czynniki zapobiegawcze

Renata Chrzan1,, Andrzej Karmowski2,, Małgorzata Pawelec2,, Krzysztof J. Łątkowski2,, Mikołaj Karmowski2,

1 2nd General Surgical Ward, T. Marciniak Lower Silesian Center of Emergency Medicine, former District Railway Hospital, Wrocław, Poland

2 1st Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland Abstract

Abstract

Background. There are analyses showing the relationship between low and irregular physical activity and the risk of more frequent occurrences of depression symptoms in the future. There are studies that do not prove the connection between those two dependencies.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between physical activity before menopause and the occurrence of depression in senium.
Material and Methods. The study was comprised of 200 randomly selected women, aged 75–89 years, who were treated in the local department of general surgery and oncology from January to June 2009. The study used a 15-point Geriatric Depression Scale which is an integral part of the EASY care (Polish version 1999–2002) questionnaire to assess emotional efficiency, and the Questionnaire Survey for Research on Physical Activity in Older People which contains 8 questions. The results were statistically analyzed using a Student’s test and basic probabilities calculations.
Results. The probability of depression in women aged 75–89 is 0.8. Increased physical activity in pre-menopausal women neither affects the level of depression, nor prevents it (p < 0.1). Depression was more common in people living alone, in which case the probability is 0.85. Postmenopausal women enjoy a beneficial impact on physical activity in the following areas: previous activity (p < 0.001), family support (p < 0.0001), GP support (p < 0.001), and television education (p < 0.001).
Conclusion. Depression among elderly women is very common. In this study, depression was found in 80% of senior women. There is a relationship between depression and physical activity. Increased physical activity in premenopausal women neither affects the level of depression, nor prevents it. There was no correlation between age, weight, education, place of residence and depression. Depression was more common in people living alone.

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. Analiza piśmiennictwa wskazuje na istnienie związku między małą i nieregularną aktywnością fizyczną a zwiększonym ryzykiem wystąpienia objawów depresji w późniejszym wieku. Inne badania nie potwierdzają takiej zależności.
Cel pracy. Określenie zależności między występowaniem depresji w okresie senium a aktywnością fizyczną u tych kobiet przed menopauzą.
Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 200 losowo wybranych kobiet w wieku 75–89 lat leczonych na oddziale chirurgii ogólnej i onkologicznej od stycznia do czerwca 2009 roku. W badaniu wykorzystano 15-punktową Geriatryczną Skalę Oceny Depresji stanowiącą część kwestionariusza Easy care (w wersji polskiej 1999–2002, http://jarlacz. republika.pl/orpsych170.htm). Dodatkowo zamieszczono pytania dotyczące wagi ciała, wieku, stanu cywilnego, wykształcenia. Wyniki opracowano z użyciem testu Studenta.
Wyniki. Prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia depresji u kobiet w wieku 75–89 lat wynosi 0,8. Większa aktywność fizyczna u tych kobiet w wieku przedmenopauzalnym nie wpływa ani na poziom depresji, ani na zapobieganie jej wystąpienia (p < 0,1). Depresja występuje częściej u kobiet mieszkających samotnie, wtedy prawdopodobieństwo jej wystąpienia wynosi 0,85. Nieoceniony wpływ na aktywność fizyczną w wieku pomenopauzalnym mają: nawyki co do aktywności wyniesione z wcześniejszych lat (p < 0,001), wsparcie rodziny (p < 0,0001), wsparcie lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej (p < 0,001) i telewizyjne programy edukacyjne (p < 0,001). Większa aktywność fizyczna w wieku 75–89 lat występuje u osób bez depresji (p < 0,0001).
Wnioski. Depresja u starszych kobiet jest bardzo częsta. W grupie badanej depresja występuje u 80% kobiet. Istnieje związek między depresją a obecną aktywnością fizyczną. Zwiększona aktywność fizyczna w wieku przedmenopauzalnym nie wpływa na poziom depresji ani nie zapobiega jej wystąpieniu w wieku późniejszym. Nie ma związku między wiekiem, masą ciała, poziomem wykształcenia, miejscem zamieszkania a depresją. Depresja jest częstsza u kobiet mieszkających samotnie.

Key words

depression, postmenopausal women, physical activity

Słowa kluczowe

depresja, menopauza, aktywność fizyczna

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