Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2011, vol. 20, nr 1, January-February, p. 15–21

Publication type: original article

Language: English

The Protective Effects of L-Carnitine and Vitamin E in Rat Lenses in Irradiation-Induced Oxidative Injury

Ochronne działanie L-karnityny i witaminy E na soczewki szczura w uszkodzeniu oksydacyjnym wywołanym przez promieniowanie

Seyithan Taysi1,, Seydi Okumus2,, Sinan Ezirmik3,, Naim Uzun4,, Adnan Yilmaz5,, Mehmet Akyuz6,, Umit Tekelioglu7,, Ahmet Dirier8,, Behcet Al9,

1 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey

3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

4 Biochemistry, Medical School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

5 Department of Biochemistry, Rize University, Rize, Turkey

6 General Directorate of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacy, Quality Control Department, Turkish Ministry of Health, Dıskapı-Ankara, Turkey

7 Department of Anesthesiology, Birecik State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey

8 Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey

9 Emergency Department, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey

Abstract

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant role of L-carnitine (LC) and vitamin E against radiation-induced cataracts in rat lenses after total cranial irradiation with a single 5 Gray (Gy) dose of gamma irradiation.
Material and Methods. Thirty two Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. The control group did not receive LC and vitamin E or irradiation but received both 0.1 ml physiological saline intraperitoneally and sham irradiation. The irradiation (IR) group received 5 Gy gamma irradiation to the total cranium as a single dose plus 0.1 ml physiological saline intraperitoneally. The IR plus vitamin E group received irradiation to total cranium plus 10 mg/kg/day vitamin E intraperitoneally. The IR plus LC group received irradiation to total cranium plus 100 mg/kg/day LC intraperitoneally. Biochemical parameters measured in murine lenses were carried out using spectrophotometric techniques.
Results. Total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), glutathioneS-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRD) activities, significantly increased in the control, IR plus vitamin E and LC plus IR groups when compared with the IR only group. Lens TSSA and NSSA activities in the control group were significantly increased compared to that of the IR only group, but decreased compared to those of the IR plus vitamin E and IR plus LC groups. Lens xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in the IR group significantly increased compared to those of other groups.
Conclusion. Results show that LC and vitamin E prevented oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals generated by ionizing radiation in rat lenses.

Streszczenie

Cel pracy. Ocena antyoksydacyjnego działania L-karnityny (LC – L-carnitine) i witaminy E przeciw zaćmie wywołanej promieniowaniem u szczurów po całkowitym napromieniowaniu czaszki pojedynczą dawką 5 Gy promieniowania gamma.
Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 32 szczury Sprague-Dawley. Grupa kontrolna nie otrzymała LC i witaminy E ani napromieniowania, otrzymała natomiast 0,1 ml soli fizjologicznej dootrzewnowo oraz symulowane napromieniowanie. Grupa napromieniana (IR – irradiation) otrzymała pojedynczą dawkę 5 Gy na całą czaszkę oraz 0,1 ml soli fizjologicznej dootrzewnowo. Grupa IR plus witamina E otrzymała poza napromieniowaniem 10 mg/kg/dzień witaminy E dootrzewnowo. Grupa IR plus LC otrzymała poza napromieniowaniem 100 mg/kg/dzień LC dootrzewnowo. Pomiary wskaźników biochemicznych w soczewkach gryzoni były przeprowadzone techniką spektrofotometryczną.
Wyniki. Całkowita aktywność wymiataczy nadtlenków (TSSA – total superoxide scavenger activity), nieenzymatyczna aktywność wymiataczy nadtlenków (NSSA – non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity), aktywności transferazy glutationowej (GST – glutathione-S-transferase) i reduktazy glutationu (GRD – glutathione reductase) zwiększyły się istotnie w grupie kontrolnej, grupie IR plus witamina E i plus LC w porównaniu z grupą IR. Aktywności TSSA i NSSA w soczewkach w grupie kontrolnej były istotnie większe w porównaniu z grupą IR, ale mniejsze w porównaniu z grupami IR plus witamina E i IR plus LC. Aktywność oksydazy ksantynowej (XO – xanthine oxidase) w soczewkach w grupie IR była istotnie większa w porównaniu z innymi grupami.
Wnioski. Uzyskane wyniki przemawiają za tym, że LC i witamina E zapobiegają stresowi oksydacyjnemu przez wymiatanie wolnych rodników powstających w soczewkach szczurów na skutek promieniowania jonizującego.

Key words

carnitine, vitamin e, antioxidant enzymes, irradiation, oxidative stress, lens

Słowa kluczowe

karnityna, witamina E, enzymy antyoksydacyjne, promieniowanie, stres oksydacyjny, soczewki

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