Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2009, vol. 18, nr 4, July-August, p. 369–379

Publication type: original article

Language: English

Changes in Bone Mineral Density with Age in Polish Urban Males

Zmiany gęstości mineralnej kości w procesie starzenia się mężczyzn z polskiej populacji wielkomiejskiej

Alicja Filus1,, Marek Mędraś1,2,, Anna Trzmiel−Bira1,, Justyna Kuliczkowska−Płaksej1,, Diana Jędrzejuk1,

1 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Treatment, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

2 Department of Sports Medicine, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland

Abstract

Background. Age−related bone mineral density (BMD) loss is observed in both middle aged men and middle aged women.
Objectives. The aim was to evaluate changes in BMD at the femoral neck (FN) and the lumbar spine (L2–L4) in men of a Polish metropolitan population.
Material and Methods. A population−based sample of 466 randomly selected men aged 25–65, residents of Wroclaw, Poland, participated in the study. Densitometric measurements were performed using dual−energy X−ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD (g/cm2) and T−scores were determined.
Results. BMD in the FN and L2–L4 differed significantly among the age groups and correlated significantly and negatively with age. The mean annual BMD decrease was 0.3% at the FN and 0.1% at L2–L4. Statistically significant BMD reductions were observed in the FN in the 4th and in L2–L4 in the 4th and 6th decades of life. BMD was 10% higher at the FN and 5% at L2–L4 in men 30–39 than in those 60–65 years old. The prevalence of the WHO criteria for osteoporosis (T−score ≤ –2.5) and osteopenia (–2.5 < T−score ≤ –1) was 4.6% and 18.8%, respectively, in the study population. Osteoporosis was found in 1% of 30–39, 6% of 40–49, 6% of 50–59, and 8% of 60–65 year olds at the lumbar spine and in 1% of 30–39, 1% of 50–59, and 12% of 60–65 year olds at the FN. Osteopenia was detected in 22% of 25–29, 15% of 30–39, 12% of 40–49, 24% of 50–59, and 22% of 60–65 year olds at L2–L4 and in 28% of 25–29, 20% of 30–39, 42% of 40–49, 39% of 50–59, and 36% of 60–65 year olds at the FN.
Conclusion. The BMD reduction that occurred with age in Polish men was greater at the femoral neck than the lumbar spine and appeared at about the fourth decade of life. Its rate was similar to that described for white Americans and slightly lower than in the Arabic, Asian, and Northern European populations.

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. U mężczyzn, podobnie jak u kobiet, począwszy od wieku średniego obserwuje się związany z wiekiem spadek gęstości mineralnej kości.
Cel pracy. Ocena zmian gęstości mineralnej kości (BMD) w zakresie szyjki kości udowej (FN) oraz części lędźwiowej kręgosłupa (L2–L4) z wiekiem u mężczyzn z polskiej populacji wielkomiejskiej.
Materiał i metody. W badaniach populacyjnych i przekrojowych wzięła udział losowo wybrana populacja próbna 466 mężczyzn – mieszkańców Wrocławia w wieku od 25 do 65 lat. Pomiary densytometryczne szyjki kości udowej (FN) i części lędźwiowej kręgosłupa (L2–L4) wykonano metodą DXA (absorpcjometria wiązki promieniowania rentgenowskiego o dwóch różnych energiach (DXA, Lunar DPX+, USA). Określono wartość BMD (g/m2) i T−score.
Wyniki. Średnie wartości BMD w zakresie FN i L2–L4 były istotnie różne w grupach wiekowych mężczyzn i znamiennie oraz ujemnie korelowały z wiekiem. Roczny spadek BMD wynosił 0,3% w zakresie FN i 0,1% w zakresie L2–L4. Uchwytną statystycznie zmniejszenie L2–L4 BMD odnotowano około 4, a FN BMD około 4. i 6. dekady życia badanych mężczyzn. BMD była większa o 10% w FN i o 5% w L2–L4 u mężczyzn 30–39−letnich w porównaniu do mężczyzn 60–65 letnich. W całej badanej populacji odsetek rozpoznanej na podstawie kryteriów WHO osteoporozy (Tscore ≤ –2,5) wynosił 4,6%, a osteopenii (–2,5 < Tscore ≤ –1) 18,8%. W poszczególnych grupach wiekowych w zakresie L2–L4 osteoporozę wykazano u 1% mężczyzn 30–39−letnich, 6% 40–49−letnich, 6% 50–59−letnich i 8% 60–65−letnich, a w zakresie FN 1% u mężczyzn 30–39−letnich, 1% 50–59−letnich i 12% 60–65− −letnich. Osteopenię wykryto w zakresie L2–L4 u 22% mężczyzn 25–29 letnich, 15% 30–39 letnich, 12% 40–49− −letnich, 24% 50–59−letnich i 22% 60–65−letnich, a w zakresie FN u 28% 25–29−latków, 20% 30–39−latków, 42% 40–49−latków, 39% 50–59−latków i 22% 60–65−latków.
Wnioski. Towarzyszące procesowi starzenia się mężczyzn polskich zmniejszenie BMD było większe w zakresie FN niż L2–L4 i występowało już około 4. dekady życia. Tempo było zbliżone do wartości opisywanych dla Amerykanów rasy białej i nieznacznie mniejsze w porównaniu z populacją arabską, azjatycką oraz północnej Europy.

Key words

bone mineral density, aging, men

Słowa kluczowe

gęstość mineralna kości, starzenie się, mężczyźni

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