Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2007, vol. 16, nr 1, January-February, p. 141–148

Publication type: review article

Language: Polish

Wpływ stężeń podprogowych antybiotyków na zdolności adhezyjne bakterii

The Influence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics on the Bacterial Adhesion

Dorota Wojnicz1,

1 Katedra i Zakład Biologii i Parazytologii Lekarskiej AM we Wrocławiu

Streszczenie

Adhezja to jeden z najważniejszych czynników wirulencji bakterii. W medycynie odgrywa ona istotną rolę w patogenezie zakażeń. Wiele chorób bakteryjnych rozpoczyna się od bezpośredniego kontaktu patogenu z komórkami nabłonkowymi gospodarza. Hydrofobowość powierzchni komórek, fimbrie, otoczki są odpowiedzialne za kolonizację tkanek gospodarza lub biomateriałów (cewników, drenów). Rezultatem końcowym adhezji jest agregacja bakterii i tworzenie biofilmu. Często podczas terapii antybiotykami drobnoustroje przez większość czasu są poddane działaniu leku o stężeniu podprogowym (sub−MIC), które ich nie zabija. Może ono jednak zmodyfikować zewnętrzną powierzchnię komórek bakterii i zmienić ich funkcje, między innymi zdolność przylegania do śródbłonka. W pracy przedstawiono aktualny stan badań dotyczących wpływu dawek podprogowych wybranych leków na adhezję drobnoustrojów oraz struktur z nią związanych. Wiedzę na ten temat oraz znajomość farmakodynamiki i farmakokinetyki antybiotyków należy brać pod uwagę w racjonalnej terapii lekowej.

Abstract

A bacterial adherence is one of the most important factor of virulence. In medicine it plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of infections. A direct contact between a pathogen and the host epithelial cells is an initial step in the development of bacterial diseases. Hydrophobicity of cell surfaces, fimbriae, capsules are responsible for a colonization of tissues or biomaterial surfaces (catheters, drains). The final effect of adhesion is bacterial aggregation and form of biofilm. An antibiotic is often presents at the infection site in subinhibitory concentration (sub−MIC), that does not kill of microorganisms. It has also been observed that sub−MIC of various antimicrobials are able to modify the molecular architecture of the external surface of bacteria and some bacterial function, for example the ability to adhere to the epithelial cells, thus influencing bacterial virulence. I have reviewed data in the literature on the action of sub−MIC of antibiotics on the bacterial adhesion and on the structures joined with it. The knowledge of the effects on bacteria exposed to sub−MIC of antimicrobials, and the correlation of these pharmacodynamic findings with pharmacokinetics curves, is considered to be useful for optimizing therapy.

Słowa kluczowe

adhezja bakteryjna, stężenia podprogowe, antybiotyki

Key words

bacterial adhesion, subinhibitory concentrations, antibiotics

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