Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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5-Year Impact Factor – 2.135
Index Copernicus  – 168.52
MEiN – 70 pts

ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2018, vol. 27, nr 4, April, p. 567–572

doi: 10.17219/acem/67961

Publication type: review article

Language: English

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Gastrointestinal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus

Agnieszka E. Zawada1,A,B,D, Małgorzata Moszak1,B, Dorota Skrzypczak1,B, Marian Grzymisławski1,A,E,F

1 Department and Clinic of Internal and Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease which affects patients of various age. Hyperglycemia induces damage of vascular endothelium, development of chronic inflammation, organic and functional lesions in several systems and organs. The principal gastroenterological complaints linked to the manifestation of the disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, and vomiting. However, complications in the alimentary system may manifest exclusively by difficulties in reaching normoglycemia and numerous persistent episodes of hypoglycemia. The most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus affecting the alimentary tract involves gastroparesis and disturbances in pancreatic function. Diabetes may also aggravate other coexisting diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux or periodontitis. Subject-based references accentuate also a significantly more frequent manifestation together with diabetes of other autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease or autoimmune gastritis. Also, a hepatic microangiopathy and increased incidence of certain tumors, linked to the manifestation of insulin resistance, may be regarded to represent complications of long-term diabetes. Rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment may significantly improve a patient’s quality of life and influence the prolonged control of glycemia. Nevertheless, this requires a rigorous analysis of the signs and clinical condition of a patient as well as individualization of recommendations and therapy.

Key words

diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal disorders, insulin resistance

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