Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2017, vol. 26, nr 5, August, p. 865–874

doi: 10.17219/acem/62915

Publication type: review

Language: English

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MicroRNA in cardiovascular biology and disease

Anna Wojciechowska1,A,B,D,F, Agata Braniewska2,A,B,D,F, Katarzyna Kozar-Kamińska1,A,B,D,F

1 Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland

2 Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are members of a non-coding RNA family. They act as negative regulators of protein translation by affecting messenger RNA (mRNA) stability; they modulate numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, and are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Thus, studies on miRNAs offer an opportunity to improve our understanding of complex biological mechanisms. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control functions of various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The pivotal role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system provides a new perspective on the pathophysiology of disorders like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs are differentially expressed in diseased tissue and can be released into circulation. Manipulation of miRNA activity may influence the course of a disease. Therefore, miRNAs have become an active field of research for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This review discusses emerging functions of miRNAs in cardiogenesis, heart regeneration and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.

Key words

microRNA, cardiovascular disease, heart regeneration, heart development

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