Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2008, vol. 17, nr 1, January-February, p. 15–26

Publication type: original article

Language: English

The Influence of Quercetin on Fatty−Acid Content in Selected Organs of Rats on Diets with Fresh and Oxidized Fat

Wpływ kwercetyny na skład kwasów tłuszczowych w wybranych narządach szczurów doświadczalnych na diecie z tłuszczem świeżym i utlenionym

Bożena Regulska−ilow1,, Rafał Ilow1,

1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine in Wrocław, Poland

Abstract

Background. The kind and quality of dietary fat may condition the biological activity of quercetin, which is manifested by its influence on the activity of n−3, n−6, and n−9 metabolic pathway enzymes.
Objectives. Evaluation of the effect of quercetin on fatty−acid content in the plasma and selected organs of experimental rats in a condition of oxidative stress due to oxidized dietary fats.
Material and Methods. Using rats fed a diet with an 8% fat content and a 0.05% cholesterol supplement, the influence of quercetin on the content of fatty acids in the plasma, liver, kidneys, heart, and lung was assessed. Fatty extracts from the biological material were obtained by means of the Folch method. The composition of fatty acids (as the percentage of the total level of acids) in the form of methyl esters was determined by gas chromatography using a 100−m glass capillary column. The source of pro−oxidants in the rats’ diet was either oxidized sunflower oil or oxidized lard. The four−week experiment involved 80 male Buffalo rats, of which 40 received 0.075% quercetin as a dietary supplement.
Results. Quercetin affected the fatty−acid content in the investigated organs in the animals fed vegetable fat. The degree of changes depended on the quality of the fat. Fat statistically significantly changed the content of C16, C18, C18 = 2, C20 = 2, C22 = 6, and C20 = 4 fatty acids in the liver and plasma and C18 = 1 n−9 in the kidneys. The content of C18 = 2 was higher by a factor of 3.2 in the liver, 2.8 in the kidneys, plasma, and lungs, and 1.6 in the heart of rats fed on fresh oil and quercetin. A diet with oxidized oil and quercetin resulted in increases in C18 = 2 of 1.7−fold in the plasma, 1.6−fold in the liver, 1.5−fold in the lungs, 1.4−fold in the kidneys, and 1.2−fold in the heart compared with the control group. Preference of the n−9 pathway of fatty−acid synthesis was observed.
Conclusion. Quercetin affected the metabolism of fatty acids in the organism when the dietary fat was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Probably polyunsaturated fatty acids, with they become components of the cell membranes, enable quercetin to pass inside the cells of tissues and to exert the biogenic effect.

Streszczenie

Wprowadzenie. Rodzaj i jakość tłuszczu w diecie mogą warunkować aktywność biologiczną kwercetyny, przejawiającą się jej wpływem na aktywność enzymów szlaków metabolicznych n−3, n−6, n−9.
Cel pracy. Ocena wpływu kwercetyny na skład kwasów tłuszczowych w osoczu i wybranych narządach szczurów doświadczalnych w warunkach stresu oksydacyjnego wywołanego utlenionymi tłuszczami pokarmowymi.
Materiał i metody. Podawano szczurom diety z 8% zawartością tłuszczu oraz 0,5% dodatkiem cholesterolu i oceniano wpływ kwercetyny na skład kwasów tłuszczowych w osoczu, wątrobie, nerkach, sercu i płucach. Ekstrakty tłuszczowe z materiału biologicznego otrzymano metodą Folcha. Skład kwasów tłuszczowych (jako% sumy kwasów) w postaci estrów metylowych oznaczono metodą chromatografii gazowej z zastosowaniem kolumny kapilarnej szklanej o długości 100 m. Źródłem prooksydantów w diecie szczurów były utlenione: olej słonecznikowy i smalec. Czterotygodniowe doświadczenie żywieniowe przeprowadzono z udziałem 80 szczurów, samców, rasy Buffalo, których 40 otrzymywało 0.075% dodatek kwercetyny jako suplement diety.
Wyniki. Kwercetyna wpływała na skład kwasów tłuszczowych w wybranych narządach w grupach zwierząt karmionych tłuszczem roślinnym, a wielkość zmian zależała od jego jakości. W istotny statystycznie sposób zmieniał się skład następujących kwasów tłuszczowych: C16, C18, C18 = 2, C20 = 2, C22 = 6, w wątrobie i osoczu także C20 = 4, a w nerkach C18 = 1 n−9. Udział C18 = 2 zwiększył się 3,2 raza w wątrobach, 2,8 raza w nerkach, osoczu i płucach oraz 1,6 raza w sercach szczurów karmionych olejem świeżym i kwercetyną. Na diecie z olejem utlenionym i kwercetyną skład C18 = 2 zwiększył się 1,7 raza w osoczu, 1,6 raza w wątrobach, 1,5 raza w płucach, 1,4 raza w nerkach i 1,2 raza w sercach w stosunku do grupy kontrolnej. Obserwowano preferencję syntezy kwasów szlaku n−9.
Wnioski. Kwercetyna wpływała na metabolizm kwasów tłuszczowych w organizmie wtedy, gdy był spożywany tłuszcz bogaty w wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe. WKT, stając się składnikiem błon komórkowych, umożliwiają kwercetynie wniknięcie do wnętrza komórek tkanek i biogenne działanie.

Key words

fatty acids, oxidized fats, quercetin, rats, liver

Słowa kluczowe

kwasy tłuszczowe, utlenione tłuszcze, kwercetyna, szczury, wątroba

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