Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2008, vol. 17, nr 1, January-February, p. 101–107
Publication type: review article
Language: English
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System
Znaczenie tlenku azotu w układzie sercowo−naczyniowym
1 Department of Cardiology, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine in Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules in the cardiovascular system and is decisive for its proper function. NO mediates vascular tone and thus affects blood pressure. It has antiproliferative and antioxidative actions. It takes part in angiogenesis, prevents cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, and influences the electrophysiological properties of the heart. It is produced by vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes thanks to nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The activity of NOS is modulated by many factors, including the availability of L−arginine and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. The most common method of augmenting NO availability is the administration of shortand long−acting nitrates. The availability of NO can also be increased by the use of different basal pharmacological profile as well as by exercise.
Streszczenie
Tlenek azotu jest jedną z najważniejszych molekuł w układzie sercowo−naczyniowym. Pełni istotną rolę w jego prawidłowym funkcjonowaniu. Ma wpływ na napięcie ścian naczyń krwionośnych, a przez to na ciśnienie tętnicze krwi. Działa antyproliferacyjnie i antyoksydacyjnie. Bierze udział w angiogenezie, chroni kardiomiocyty przed apoptozą oraz wpływa na właściwości elektrofizjologiczne serca. Jest syntetyzowany przez komórki śródbłonka oraz kardiomiocyty z udziałem enzymów – syntaz tlenku azotu. Na aktywność enzymów ma wpływ wiele czynników, w tym dostępność aminokwasu L−argininy oraz kofaktora tetrahydrobiopteryny. Najbardziej powszechną metodą zwiększania dostępności NO jest podawanie krótko lub długo działających nitratów. Biodostępność NO zwiększają również leki z innych grup, o innym podstawowym profilu farmakologicznym oraz wysiłek fizyczny.
Key words
nitric oxide, endothelium, nitric oxide synthase, L−arginine
Słowa kluczowe
tlenek azotu, śródbłonek, syntaza tlenku azotu, L−arginina
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