Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Title abbreviation: Adv Clin Exp Med
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ISSN 1899–5276 (print)
ISSN 2451-2680 (online)
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Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine

2006, vol. 15, nr 6, November-December, p. 1121–1127

Publication type: review article

Language: English

Laboratory Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnostyka laboratoryjna choroby Alzheimera

Wanda Dobryszycka1,, Jerzy Leszek2,

1 Chair and Department of Pharmacological Biochemistry, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine,Wrocław, Poland

2 Chair and Department of Psychiatry, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

Abstract

Features of an ideal biomarker in laboratory diagnostics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are given. Contemporary molecular imaging probes as magnetic resonance, photon emission tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and computer perfusion tomography (pCT), are shown. Among biomarkers, determined mainly in the cerebrospinal fluid relatively the highest significance in AD diagnosis reveal amyloid peptides Aβ1−42, especially in combination with tau protein total and hiperfosforylated. In spite of new proteomic laboratory nanotechnologies, there is lack of an appropriate relationships between neurobiology and clinical phenotypes of AD as well as conceptual model of complex connection between biochemical/molecular changes and the clinical symptoms of the disease.

Streszczenie

Przedstawiono cechy idealnego biomarkera w diagnostyce laboratoryjnej choroby Alzheimera. Wskazano na zastosowanie współczesnych technik neuroobrazowania: jądrowego rezonansu magnetycznego, fotonowej tomografii emisyjnej, pozytronowej tomografii emisyjnej i komputerowej tomografii perfuzyjnej. Wśród biomarkerów oznaczanych głównie w płynie mózgowo−rdzeniowym, największe znaczenie w diagnostyce mają peptydy amyloidowe Aβ1−42, zwłaszcza w kombinacji z białkiem tau całkowitym lub hiperfosforylowanym. Mimo nowych proteomicznych nanotechnologii laboratoryjnych, nadal brakuje właściwego modelu powiązania neurobiologii klinicznej z fenotypami choroby Alzheimera oraz współzależności zmian biochemicznych/molekularnych z objawami klinicznymi.

Key words

Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrospinal fluid, neuroimaging, peptides Aβ1−42, protein tau, nanotechnologies

Słowa kluczowe

choroba Alzheimera, płyn mózgowo−rdzeniowy, neuroobrazowanie, peptydy Aβ1−42, białko tau, nanotechnologie

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